Learning how to drive

Figuring out how to drive Figuring out how to drive Figuring out how to drive is a significant expertise. I figured out how to drive two years back. Before I obtained this ability, I had employed a driver. I generally thought that it was hard to become familiar with the aptitude for reasons I can't clarify plainly. Maybe it was fear. I consider dread driving emerged from a mishap my dad and I had experienced while originating from a vacation in Mombasa. The fundamental method of reasoning why I set out to go to a driving school is that in spite of the fact that I have a vehicle, I generally had been depending on my driver and at different occasions, my significant other. Today, I am substantially more sure while on the wheel. I am ready to drive my vehicle in any street conditions. Beforehand, I had been thinking about whether I would ever do something like this. When the driving exercises were finished, I had increased enough certainty to drive any sort of vehicle. So as to get this expertise, I needed to get ready altogether for it. I needed to get up promptly toward the beginning of the day and resign to bed extremely late around evening time so as to concentrate all the street rules and guidelines. When woke up to my driving assessment date, I had set myself up very well both mentally and mentally. I had been asking counsel from my companions, partners and family members who have a driving permit about how they approached getting ready for the driving test when they were attempting to get some driving aptitudes. Before I went into the driving school, I had said petitions and mentioned God to let the dread vanish for the last time. In the event that believe it or not, I had been stating these very supplications numerous prior years. It is just that these absolute last supplications appeared to me increasingly huge. This is on the grounds that the truth of what I was getting myself into was at last soaking in. While going into the driving class just because, I felt scared by my colleagues, all of who were outsiders. At that point, the class teacher asked us a general information inquiry and I addressed it effectively. Abruptly, certainty overpowered me and without precedent for my life, I was certain I would get a driving permit soon.

College Admission Essay Examples About Yourself

College Admission Essay Examples About YourselfEssay examples about yourself can be found online, in books and even in magazines. If you have a skill that you are passionate about, this can be a great topic for your essay. You could discuss your hobby, favorite hobby or something that you learned from your parents. A great example is to write about what you like doing the most.Ask for quality advice from friends, family members and other people who you trust. They will know someone in particular who has had to make difficult decisions as a result of the outcome of their college admissions. You can then use this story to inspire your own story about how you overcame obstacles. This is one example of a strong essay. This one example can make a big difference in your college admission.Lastly, write about a mentor or someone who has helped you. Try to find someone with whom you can talk about topics that are similar to yours. Use the example to describe what you learned from your mentor. This is an example of a great essay.College admission essay examples about yourself can help you learn how to describe your passions, your skills and your other characteristics. It is important to put down everything you feel proud of and everything you want to do in order to be prepared. You can use these examples as a guide to make sure that your essay is all you want it to be.Writing the essay is a very stressful time in your life. You may feel that the essay is the only thing that you are not comfortable doing. Writing it alone can take up a lot of your time. If you are not familiar with the concept of grammar, writing the essay may seem impossible. There are many colleges that provide courses on how to write a college admission essay.College admission essay examples about yourself can help you write your first college essay. You will need to keep in mind that you are writing for the college. A bad essay can cost you your dream of going to college.Writing the college admission essay examples about yourself can help you with the purpose of your essay. You want to give a description of your future goals and interests so that your essay will have substance. You want to keep in mind that your readers are interested in reading something from you. You want them to feel that they can trust what you are writing. You want them to trust that what you are saying has some substance to it.College admission essay examples about yourself can help you write a powerful essay. When you are having trouble writing, or you are feeling overwhelmed by your topic, think about how to change things up a bit. Perhaps you will choose to describe something that interests you about yourself. There are lots of college admissions essays that you can write about yourself.

Blog Archive How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem on the GMAT, Part 2

Blog Archive How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem on the GMAT, Part 2 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In  Part 1  of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction (SC) problems: Take a  first glance. Read  the sentence. Find a starting point. Eliminate a Repeat steps 3 and 4. If you have not already learned that process, read Part 1 before continuing with this article. Drills to Build Skills How do you learn to do all this stuff? You are going to build some skills that will help at each stage of the way. The drills are summarized in this post; if you want the full description of each, check out the  original article on the Manhattan GMAT blog. Drill Number 1: Take a First Glance Open up your Official Guide (OG) and find some lower-numbered SC questions that you have already tried in the past. Give yourself a few seconds (no more than five!) to glance at a problem, then look away and say out loud what you noticed in those few seconds. As you develop your First Glance skills, start to read a  couple  of words: the one right before the underline and the first word of the underline. Do those give you any clues about what might be tested in the problem? For instance, consider this sentence: Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xx and  she xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx  xxx xxxxx. I have a strong suspicion that this problem might test parallelism, because the word  and  falls immediately before the underline. When I read the sentence, I will be looking for an  X and Y  parallelism structure. Drill Number 2: Read the Sentence Take a look at some OG problems you have tried before. Read only the original sentence. Then, look away from the book and articulate aloud, in your own words, what you think the sentence is trying to convey. You do not need to limit yourself to one sentence. You can also glance back at the problem to confirm details. I want to stress the “out loud” part; you will be able to hear whether the explanation is sufficient. If so, try another problem. If you are struggling or unsure, then one of two things is happening. Either you just do not understand, or the sentence actually does not have a clear meaning, and this is precisely why the choice is wrong! Decide which you think it is, and then check the explanation. Next Steps Spend the next week drilling  these skills for steps 1 and 2. Then come back here to join us for the  third  part  in this series, in which you will learn two more drills for the later steps of the SC process. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem on the GMAT, Part 2 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In  Part 1 of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction (SC) problems: Take a  first glance. Read  the sentence. Find a  starting point. Eliminate Repeat steps 3 and 4. If you have not already learned that process, read Part 1 before continuing with this article. Drills to Build Skills How do you learn to do all this stuff? You are going to build some skills that will help at each stage of the way. The drills are summarized in this post; if you want the full description of each, check out the  original article on the Manhattan GMAT blog. Drill Number 1: Take a First Glance Open up your Official Guide (OG) and find some lower-numbered SC questions that you have already tried in the past. Give yourself a few seconds (no more than five!) to glance at a problem, then look away and say out loud what you noticed in those few seconds. As you develop your First Glance skills, start to read a  couple  of words: the one right before the underline and the first word of the underline. Do those give you any clues about what might be tested in the problem? For instance, consider this sentence: Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xx and  she xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx  xxx xxxxx. I have a strong suspicion that this problem might test parallelism, because the word  and  falls immediately before the underline. When I read the sentence, I will be looking for an  X and Y parallelism structure. Drill Number 2: Read the Sentence Take a look at some OG problems you have tried before. Read only the original sentence. Then, look away from the book and articulate aloud, in your own words, what you think the sentence is trying to convey. You do not need to limit yourself to one sentence. You can also glance back at the problem to confirm details. I want to stress the “out loud” part; you will be able to hear whether the explanation is sufficient. If so, try another problem. If you are struggling or unsure, then one of two things is happening. Either you just do not understand, or the sentence actually does not have a clear meaning, and this is precisely why the choice is wrong! Decide which you think it is, and then check the explanation. Next Steps Spend the next week drilling  these skills for steps 1 and 2. Then come back here to join us for the  third  part  in this series, in which you will learn two more drills for the later steps of the SC process. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive How to Solve Any Sentence Correction Problem on the GMAT, Part 2 With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. In  Part 1  of this article, we talked about the five-step process to answer Sentence Correction (SC) problems: Take a first glance. Read  the sentence. Find a starting point. Eliminate answers. Repeat steps 3 and 4. If you have not already learned that process, read Part 1 before continuing with this article. Drills to Build Skills How do you learn to do all this stuff? You are going to build some skills that will help at each stage of the way. The drills are summarized in this post; if you want the full description of each, check out the  original article on the Manhattan GMAT blog. Drill Number 1: Take a First Glance Open up your Official Guide (OG) and find some lower-numbered SC questions that you have already tried in the past. Give yourself a few seconds (no more than five!) to glance at a problem, then look away and say out loud what you noticed in those few seconds. As you develop your First Glance skills, start to read a  couple  of words: the one right before the underline and the first word of the underline. Do those give you any clues about what might be tested in the problem? For instance, consider this sentence: Xxx xxxxxx xxxx xx and  she xxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx  xxx xxxxx. I have a strong suspicion that this problem might test parallelism, because the word  and  falls immediately before the underline. When I read the sentence, I will be looking for an  X and Y  parallelism structure. Drill Number 2: Read the Sentence Take a look at some OG problems you have tried before. Read only the original sentence. Then, look away from the book and articulate aloud, in your own words, what you think the sentence is trying to convey. You do not need to limit yourself to one sentence. You can also glance back at the problem to confirm details. I want to stress the “out loud” part; you will be able to hear whether the explanation is sufficient. If so, try another problem. If you are struggling or unsure, then one of two things is happening. Either you just do not understand, or the sentence actually does not have a clear meaning, and this is precisely why the choice is wrong! Decide which you think it is, and then check the explanation. Next Steps Spend the next week drilling  these skills for steps 1 and 2. Then come back here to join us for the  third  part  in this series, in which you will learn two more drills for the later steps of the SC process. Share ThisTweet GMAT

The Treatment Of Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay

The treatment of dissociative identity disorder can be very challenging. The purpose of most treatment is the integration of all the personalities into one coherent personality. The process starts by identifying the functions of each personality and then helping each personality confront, develop coping skills, and work through the trauma that led them to this disorder. There have been few studies that have empirical data on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder. One study that was able to produce results was able to integrate the personality of the individuals for 2 years after the treatment. These patients also reported few symptoms of substance abuse or depression and reduce the use of medication. On the other hand, patients who had not achieved full integration or relapsed through treatment continued to express symptoms of dissociative identity disorder and a number of other disorders (Ellason Ross, 1997). Many therapies, such as psychotherapy, that deals treatment thr ough addressing trauma can be effective because of its integration with the root of dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Jekyll would benefit from a variety of psychotherapy, also known as â€Å"talk therapy.† This type of therapy is where Dr. Jekyll will have the opportunity to speak with a trained therapist in a safe and confidential environment to process his behaviors and develop coping skills to integrate his personalities (NAMI). In reference to the movie, it seems he would greatly benefit fromShow MoreRelatedBenefits And Treatment Of Dissociative Identity Disorder1714 Words   |  7 PagesPsychotherapy Dissociative Identity Disorder is a disorder that is hardly talked about, however has extreme effects on patients that suffer with it. However, this topic is important because it can lead to finding treatments that may be more effective for patients with DID. Past studies have shown that the main treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder usually involves therapy. The most popular types of therapy are psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, and family therapy. Treatment for DID has a specificRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder And Treatment Of Severe Depression Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesBaer for treatment of severe depression, in the next four years it will become incredibly clear that Karen suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder, or, more commonly known, Multiple Personality Disorder. The rest of her treatment becomes dedicated to uncovering the reasons her mind has constructed these personalities and reveal the truth hidden in the periods of time she’s lost. Karen suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder, a mental illness characterized by â€Å" a disruption of identity characterizedRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder (Did) Is A Psychological1005 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychological condition in which a person will create one or more alternate identities. DID (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) is just one of three dissociative disorders. This disorder is set apart by the way the identities â€Å"switch† from one to another. Patients who suffer from dissociative identity disorder can often lead normal lives when diagnosed properly and treated accordingly; sometimes, they cannot. People suffering from dissociativeRead MoreDissociative Disorders1688 Words   |  7 PagesDissociative Disorders What are dissociative disorders? A dissociative disorder is the breakdown of ones perception of his/her surroundings, memory, identity, or consciousness. There are four main kinds of dissociative disorders: 1. Dissociative amnesia 2. Dissociative fugue 3. Dissociative identity disorder (previously called multiple personality disorder) 4. Depersonalization disorder What are the main characteristics of each dissociative disorder? Dissociative amnesia: ARead MorePsychological Disorder Paper1412 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper An out-of-body experience is explained by few as a sense of being detached from one’s body, and if associated with other factors like a sense that the world is not real, far away, or even foggy. This with the combination of failure to recall significant personal information, or the content of a meaningful conversation forgotten from one second to the next are signs of a psychological disorder known as Dissociative Disorder. Considered as a rare and mysterious psychiatricRead MoreCommon Stressor Related Disorders ( Disorder )913 Words   |  4 PagesStressor-related disorders are expressed in many forms throughout different individuals. Common stressor-related disorders are one trauma and stressor-related disorder or anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive or related disorder, or dissociative disorder. One particular stress-related disorder that has caught my attention is dissociative identity disorder. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by having two or more p ersonalities within an individual. Typically, one is dominant and presentRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Disorder )1040 Words   |  5 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a mental illness that is greatly misunderstood, much like many other mental illnesses. Nicholas Spanos, Professor of Psychology, hypothesized Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense against childhood trauma that creates â€Å"dissociation† or a split mental state. The trauma sustained during childhood is so substantial, that the individual creates different identities to cope with itRead MoreAbnormal Psychology in Film: Psycho Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesBates, was suffering from a severe case of dissociative identity disorder Ââ€" a case so extreme that it cost Marion her life. Norman Bates suffered from dissociative identity disorder, or DID. Dissociative identity disorder mainly involves the existence of more than one distinct identity or personality within the same individual. (AllPsych.com, 2006) The two identities that Norman had were his own recessive identity and his mothers dominant identity. Norman had murdered his mother 10 years priorRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesDissociative identity disorder is a rare mental disorder that is characterized by an individual possessing two or more states of personality. This form of identity disorder is commonly caused by childhood traumas that fall under extreme, repetitive physical, sexual, or emotional abuse (American Psychiatric Association). A famous case of dissociative identity disorder followed the case of Shirley â€Å"Sybil† Mason, who was believed to suffer from female hysteria — an outdated medical diagnosis that wasRead MoreAbnormal Psychology : Dissociative Identity Disorder1623 Words   |  7 PagesAbnormal Psychology: Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder, previously referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a psychological illness that has raised a lot of controversy and led researchers to question its validity. This disorder has been recorded as early as the 1800’s, but has recently been given more attention to by clinical researchers because of its diagnosis rates. The brain is a very complex organ and certain traumas can lead to the occurrence of this illness

Cindy Lam. Mrs. Johnson . English Ii, Period 5 . 31 March

Cindy Lam Mrs. Johnson English II, Period 5 31 March 2017 Mark Twain’s View on Education Through Huck and Tom A unique man once stated, â€Å"Don’t let schooling interfere with your education† and that was the author himself, Mark Twain through the constant mentioning of education in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the novel, Jim, a runaway slave, is imprisoned in a shack on the Phelps’ plantation. Just after, Huck and Tom, the two best friends meet up and both agree to help rescue Jim. The boys devise their own plans based on their separate knowledge, therefore making the plans completely different. The practical character, Huck came up with his own plan that only required one night to complete while the idealistic character, Tom†¦show more content†¦Huck used his logic and condoned his straightforward plan that he knew would aid Tom’s interest—freedom. In response to Huck’s idea, Tom replies back, ‘â€Å"But it s too blame’ simple; there ain t nothing to it’† (271). Even Tom Sawyer, himself, declared that Huck’s plan was too simple that anyone could accomplish the goal. One author acknowledged, â€Å"Twain documents Huck s development or education in the course of his adventures on the river, including both Huck s experiences and his reflections on them† (Nicols). Nicols agreed to the main point that Huck is realistic/practical. The author can see that Huck’s character developed morals and responsibility from life lessons with Jim that consist of his education. Huck is a practical learner where he learns through experience and applies what he knows to his advantage. This illustrates that Huck views his surroundings with a logical and reasonable mindset. In spite of Tom Sawyer, the daring kid that follows everything he reads in his adventure stories, is known as the idealistic/romantic one. The other plan proposed to freeing Jim was pretty hectic when Tom answered, ‘â€Å"Anyhow, there s one thing—there s more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain 277). He was dissatisfied in how simple Huck’s plan was. Tom believed that elaborating a plan should be complicated, difficult and time-consuming which would bring honor to his name. Tom had his own idealizedShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 PerceptionRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesplanning (.2.3.4) [App. G-4] Chapter 12 Outsourcing 12.1.1 Procurement requirements [G.8] 12.1.2.3 Contract types 9.4.2.3 Conflict management 12.2.7 The art of negotiating 12.2.3.5 Change requests Chapter 13 Monitoring Progress Chapter 5 Estimating Times and Costs 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time

The Social Of Crime And Criminal Behavior - 882 Words

The influence that certain neighborhoods or environments have on crime has been observed and studied throughout the last two centuries. Many theories, such as the social disintegration theory, have been hypothesized to explain the effects of certain neighborhoods on crime. In addition, other theories have been presented, such as the collective efficacy theory, which serve to explain the reasons for reduced crime in other neighborhoods while presenting possible solutions to solve the problem of crime in society. This paper will explore these two theories and how they not only help explain but also, hopefully, solve the problems of crime and criminal behavior in both youth and our adults. The social disorganization theory was developed in 1942 by two criminology researchers Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay. The social disorganization theory states that a person’s behavioral choices are primarily determined by their surrounding physical and social environments. This theory hypothesizes that it is the location, and type of neighborhood, an individual grows up in which is the greatest predictor of crime and illegal activity. Shaw and McKay discovered that neighborhoods with the highest crime rates all have the same common problems-- dilapidated structures, poverty, a high rate of turnover in the population, or residential instability, and mixes of people from different cultural backgrounds and cultures, or ethnic diversity. Shaw and McKay determined that that juvenileShow MoreRelatedTheories on Crime1253 Words   |  5 PagesTheories on Crime: The field of criminology is basically described as the study of crime through which the causes, prevention, and correction of offenses are examined. While this process can be extremely difficult, especially for students, the analysis of the causes of crime is significant to sociology and criminology. The difficulties associated with the study of crime originate from the numerous challenges in developing theories that explain human behavior. In relation to crime, human behavior variesRead MoreCriminal Behavior And The Criminal Acts1115 Words   |  5 Pagescommit criminal acts. Criminal behavior has been studied for many years and theories have been suggested as to this very topic. Criminal behavior is when an individual commits a criminal act. A criminal act constitutes the violation of breaking the law. Criminal behavior can be linked to many crimes like organized crime along with misdemeanors and felonies (Jones, 2005). Burglaries are no exception when it comes to criminal behavior. Burglaries consist of either violent or non-violent and crimes againstRead MoreSimilarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime890 Words   |  4 Pagesand Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime Walden University Similarities and Differences in Sociological Theories of Crime Sociological theories of crime contain a great deal of useful information in the understanding of criminal behavior. Sociological theories are very useful in the study of criminal behavior because unlike psychological and biological theories they are mostly macro level theories which attempt to explain rates of crime for a group or an area rather than explainingRead MoreDiscouraging Crime by Cracking down on Criminal Behavior: Result is Safer Communities1550 Words   |  7 PagesDiscouraging Crime by Cracking down on Criminal Behavior: Result is Safer Communities The frequency of crimes committed in many communities result in a heightened fear for those affected by this criminal behavior. More focus is required on the methods used to deter crime to discourage individuals from committing criminal behavior. Understanding of what is sociably acceptable and what violates cultural standards in a community is important. Then society will be able to find suitable ways to dejectRead MoreI.What Is A Theory?. 1.Criminology Is The Scientific Study1600 Words   |  7 Pagestheory? 1. Criminology is the scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior. a. Correlation and Cause: Correlation is the relationship between two variables that tend to move in the same direction. Causation is the relationship in which a change in one variable creates a recognizable change in another variable. For example, many criminals are drug abusers but drug abuse does not cause crime because not everyone who abuses drugs is a criminal. b. The Role of Theory: Criminologists have uncoveredRead MoreCriminal Crime Theory Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesunknown. When it comes to crime, we develop theories to explain why criminals do what they do. Theories like Social Structure theories, Social process theories, and social conflict theories. Each theory has its own developed ideas on what makes people tick, what causes bad thoughts, bad actions and bad people. This paper will discuss the theories listed above and the logic behind them that explain criminal behavior. The first theory to argue is social structure. The social structure theories emphasizeRead MoreThe Reasons Why People Commit Crime1659 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Environment Theory There are many reason why people commit crime. Many people have created theories on why people commit crime and how to reduce the crime rates. People commit crime due to constant strain. They, also, commit crime because they are constantly exposed to definitions that favor crime. For example, some people have parents that are criminal due to their parents being criminals and still around them the child would not view crime as bad or harmful. People, also, may commit crimeRead MoreCrime Is Something That Everyone Tries To Stay Away From,1480 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is something that everyone tries to stay away from, but ever wonder how people get involved even though everyone runs away from it? Committing a crime means to go against the constitution and portray an act that is punishable by law. Crime is considered shameful, idiotic and wrong, but individuals still choose to do it. What is worse than an individual committing a crime? When there is a group of people breaking the la w, also known as gangs. Many people can commit crimes individually, but crimesRead MoreTaking a Look at Biological Criminology1240 Words   |  5 PagesBiological criminology began many years ago along with the scientist Cesare Lombroso. He believed that criminals are born, not made. A â€Å"born criminal†, is a â€Å"defective individual†, whom has natural or instinctive tendencies towards low types of social life. (Biosocial and Psychological Theories, Feb. 11, 2014) Biological criminology believes criminals are genetically determined but face major shortcomings for being â€Å"simplistic, untestable, illogical, and often ideological† (Biosocial and PsychologicalRead MoreSocial Structure And Social Processes Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesSOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL PROCESS 5 Environmental influences, socialization, and traditional and accepted patterns of behavior are all used by social structuralists to portray the criminal as a product of his or social environment (Siegel, 2000). There are three types of social structure theories. First, Disorganization theory describes conflict, change and the lack of consensus, as the main cause of deviance and crime. During the 1900’s some of the communities that were prospering could

Antigone (454 words) Essay Example For Students

Antigone (454 words) Essay AntigoneAntigone Sophocles trilogy of Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, andAntigone is a powerful, tragic tale that examines the nature of human guilt,fate and punishment. Creon, Oedipus uncle and brother-in-law, is the storysmost dynamic character. His character experiences a drastic metamorphosisthrough the span of the three dramas. Creons vision of a monarchs proper role,his concept of and respect for justice, as well as his respect for the designevolve considerably by the trilogys tragic conclusion. In Oedipus the King (OK), the audience is introduced to a Creon who seems to put loyalty to the kingabove all. He sympathizes with the tragic plight of King Oedipus and asserts noapparent ambition himself. His attitude toward the king is one of yielding andfulfilling reverence. Creons notion of justice in OK stems directly from thedivine. That which the gods have decreed must become law. It pains Creon to haveOedipus exiled, but he must do so as the gods have willed it. Creons respectfor divinity and prophecy seems to be his defining trait in OK. His attitude isone of unquestioning reverence. In Oedipus at Colonus (OC), one sees thebeginning of Creons decline. Creon has now come to occupy the throne that oncebelonged to Oedipus. It soon becomes apparent that his vision of the proper roleof a king has changed to accommodate his new-found position. The emphasis shiftsfrom that of a king who must rule wisely to one who must rule unyieldingly. Thekingship becomes a selfserving instrument for Creon in his attempt to secure thereturn of Oedipus and the good fortune prophesied to accompany him. Creonsnotion of justice is severely distorted in OC. He becomes monomaniacal conducting his affairs with tyranny and belligerence. For example, he threatensto harm Oedipus daughters if the blind beggar does not return to Thebes. Hisview of rightness and fairness is no longer in line with that of his subjects. In OC, Creon still retains some respect for divine prophecies. These have afterall motivated his desire to return Oedipus to Thebes. Antigone reveals theultimate extent to which Creons character deteriorates. His transformationcompletes itself; he has become an unreasonable tyrant. Creon can no longer becalled a king. He has become a despot. There is absolutely no justice to befound. Violence and threats of violence are the tools by which he rules. Forexample, his senseless threats to an innocent sentry reveal the true extent ofhis loss of reason. Creon has distorted the proclamation against Polyneicesburial, which was originally intended to foster Theban unity, into a display ofrashness and incompetence. There is no mention of the gods and their intentionson Creons behalf in Antigone. He has been so far destroyed by his own power asto dismiss the divine will that he originally thrived on.

Auditing Stages free essay sample

The auditor applied the following audit stages: pre-engagement activities, planning, test of controls, substantive procedures, completion and reporting. Puttick et al (2012:102) defines an audit according to Section 1 of APA as †¦the examination of, in accordance with prescribed or applicable auditing standards: a) financial statements with the objective of expressing an opinion as to their fairness or compliance with the identified financial reporting framework and any statutory requirements. Pre-engagement activities There are five pre-engagement activities and considerations. The auditor at this stage performed a new client investigation in order to accept the new appointment as a way of managing conflicts and threats to the auditor. Assessments of any threats to the independence of the auditor was done as an audit engagement should not be accepted where the auditor‘s independence is compromised. The other assessment done was the business risk faced in order to avoid the risk of association with a client whose integrity is questionable and particularly where motivation exists to misstate disclosures in financial information or indulge in illegal business and fraudulent reporting practices as it likely to render the auditor’s business risk unacceptable. We will write a custom essay sample on Auditing Stages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The factors considered during the investigation included business reputation of Maryward Primary School. An assessment of the complication of the audit assignment and the estimated time, required to finish the work was done. An engagement letter was prepared to provide the clearest record of the terms of the engagement. ISA 210 provides the contents of an engagement letter to be sent to the client to help prevent misunderstandings with respect to the engagement. Also, SAS 140 requires that an auditor should agree with the client the terms of the engagement to be undertaken and the terms should be written therefore the letter of engagement will be required whenever a new auditor appointment is accepted. The main constituent features of a typical letter of engagement are: responsibility of directors and auditors, the scope of the audit, other services, fees, Applicable law (Zimbabwe) and agreement of terms. The auditor accepted the engagement for the audit of the financial statements after the conclusion that the reporting framework was acceptable. There was an agreement between the auditor and Maryward Primary School, both parties agreed to meet when changes arise and when the auditor considers the appropriateness of the matter to do so. In preparation for the audit, the auditor had a tour to Maryward Primary School after the opening meeting with the client. Russell (2012:69) states that â€Å"a tour of the area to be audited is permissible and often times highly desirable. An auditor may tour this area as part of a pre-audit visit to review documents before or after the opening meeting. † Travel plans were made and a team of three people was identified and sent to the audit area. Planning According to Puttick et al (2012) the auditor first considers materiality at the planning stage of the audit. The auditor made a judgement of materiality in order to plan the audit in such a way that sufficient evidence is gathered to draw up a conclusion. Planning materiality was based on the end of year financial statements and budgets. According to Millichamp (2002) materiality is material if its omission/misstatement could influence the economic decisions taken on the basis of the financial statements. The auditor also considered inherent risk as it has a direct impact on the nature, timing and extent of procedures the auditor plans to perform to gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence in response to the assessed risk of material misstatement. â€Å"Inherent risk† as per ISA 400 is â€Å" the susceptibility of an account balance or class of transactions to misstatements that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements in other balances or classes, assuming that there are no related internal controls†. The auditor assessed audit risk and inherent risk as it is an essential part of audit planning to help in determining the quality and quantity of evidence gathered and the staff that needed to be assigned to the particular audit. The auditor also obtained an understanding of the business and its environment in order to assess the risk of material misstatement. ISA 310 requires a reasonable understanding of the client’s business and industry. The nature of the client’s business and industry affects the client business risk and the risk of material misstatements in the financial statements. The auditor used the knowledge of these risks to determine the appropriate amount of audit evidence gathered. The auditor through experience is aware of the exposure to problems resulting from the auditor’s failure to understand comprehensively the nature of transactions in the client’s business. The understanding helped the auditor to evaluate the design and implementation of specific controls that could stop or discover and rectify material misstatements at the assertions level. Control risk is the probability that the client’s internal control system will fail to notice material misstatements. Audit risk is the risk that the auditor will unknowingly express inappropriate opinion on the financial statements. Inherent and control risk are the business’s risks that exist independently of the audit of financial statements, whereas detection risk is a function of the effectiveness of an audit procedure and its application by the auditor. Puttick et al (2012) quotes the ISA 200 definition of detection risk: â€Å"detection risk is the risk that the auditor will not detect a misstatement that exists in an assertion that could be material, individually or when aggregated with misstatements†. The auditor inquired into the detailed working papers, inspected legal documents and minutes of meetings of the accounting system and its related controls from the management and personnel of the client. A description of the system was recorded and confirmed that the record is an accurate description of the system and a preliminary evaluation of the internal controls was made. Audit planning involves developing an overall strategy for performing the audit. ISA 300 â€Å"audit strategy† describes in simple terms how audit is to be carried out and the â€Å"audit plan† details the exact procedures to be carried out to implement the strategy and complete the audit. During planning the auditor established an understanding with the client as to the nature of services to be provided and the responsibilities of each party through the engagement letter. The auditor developed an overall audit strategy, an audit plan and audit program and documented in the working papers each significant business cycle that is, revenue, expenditure, fixed assets, payroll and accounting. Planning continued throughout the entire audit as the auditor accumulated sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the audit opinion. Performing tests of control and Substantive procedures One of the most important of all the audit stages is the process of testing the internal controls. The aim of tests controls is to obtain evidence that controls on which audit reliance is intended, worked out throughout the period of the financial year under audit. The tests of controls indicated that internal controls are operating effectively; the planned audit approach was not to be changed. These processes and procedures were used to ensure that proper approvals are in place before payment is made or transactions entered in the system. The auditor used the primary method of internal control testing to randomly select transactions and checked the source documentation. The random selection from a representative sample revealed that controls are strong, so there was no point for increasing the sample size. A substantive procedure is the actual process of collecting physical evidence of transactions and verifying the value posted to a specific account is supported by actual documents. This aspect of the audit is the most time consuming and is very detailed work. Gray (2008) propounds that at this stage conclusion made by the auditor must be supported by in each case by carefully evaluated evidence that the transactions are completely and accurately recorded. As auditors cannot rely completely on management assertion of completeness, the search for unrecorded expenses and liabilities was designed to yield audit evidence of liabilities that were not recorded in the reporting period. A material error or fraud in the inventory has a pervasive effect on the financial statement. Auditing standards requires that the auditor should observe the inventory taking and make test control. Physical inventory at year end was counted when the auditor was present to observe and perform the dual direction testing to gather evidence for the existence and completeness assertions. This involved the performance of substantive procedures the nature, timing and extent of which responded appropriately to the assessed risk of misstatement at the assertions level to achieve a level of detection risk that will result in an acceptable level of audit risk relating to assertions within financial statements. Evaluating and concluding The final stage of auditing process involves evaluating and drawing conclusions on the fair presentation of the financial information and the drafting of the audit report. During this stage the auditor considers the sufficiency of the evidence gathered in support of financial statement assertions. Assertions are the representations of management that are represented in financial statements, for, example, that fixed assets reflected in financial statements exist and are owned by the entity and are fairly valued. ISA 500R: identifies assertions under three categories namely: assertions about classes of transactions and events for the period under audit, assertions about account balances at the period end and assertions about presentation and disclosure. The auditor decided on the fair presentation of assertions and evaluated the differences between amounts included in the financial information and amounts supported by audit evidence. The audit differences represent uncorrected material misstatements in the financial statements. The auditor evaluated the effect of uncorrected material misstatements on the audit and the effect of uncorrected misstatements on the financial statements and tested whether the financial statements as a whole are free of material misstatement. The auditor evaluated the effect of such misstatements on audit opinion. For this purpose, the auditor established a final estimate of materiality. After consideration of all evidence, the auditor concluded that financial statements were not significantly materially misstated and management was not requested to make appropriate adjustments. The completion stage of the audit is the final stage during which the engagement team and partner responsible for the audit perform finishing procedures, evaluate the sufficiency and appropriateness of audit evidence gathered during the audit and findings in respect of significant risks identified, including fraud risk, in order to form the audit opinion on financial statements. During completion procedures, the auditor reviewed the financial statements on an overall basis performing a final analytical review on period end financial information. The reading of supplementary and other relevant information and resolution of the impact of any significant matters arising were considered. Update inquiries on specific aspects for example, fraud, laws, regulations and evaluation of the results of audit procedures for all significant findings. Written representations from management acknowledging its esponsibility for the design and implementation of internal controls to prevent and detect error were obtained. Reporting The last stage of the audit is finalization. This is the creation of a report to management that summarizes all the procedures used to conduct the audit, the result of the various processes, and supporting documentation. Gray (2008) states that â€Å"at this stage the auditor summarizes evidence on systems and other aspects seen to be of interest to management and sends a formal report of comments and recommendations†. After completion of fieldwork and analysis the auditor presented the first draft of findings and recommendations to the client during the exit meeting. Paragraphs 27, 32, and 35b of ISA 700 indicate that the description in the auditor’s report can refer either to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements or the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view. True in the sense that the auditor’s information given was factual and conforms to reality and not false, in addition the information conforms to the required standards and law and that the accounts of Maryward Primary School had been correctly extracted from the books and records. Fair in the sense that information given is free from discrimination and bias and in compliance with the expected standards and rules and that the accounts of the client reflect the substance of the business’s underlying transactions.

Information Systems Concepts

Information Systems Concepts Free Online Research Papers The accuracy of data input is extremely important in any organization, whether small or large. Many data input methods exist but not all are created equally and some are better than others. Printed questionnaires can prove to be a rather challenging form of data input. Often, these questionnaires require respondents to fill in answers by hand. This method can often prove inaccurate because the person whom is responsible for recording the finding from the questionnaire may not be able to read every respondent’s handwriting. Another downfall to this method is the fact that a greater chance of error exists because there can be several steps to recording this information before results are given on a final report. Usually a process of reading, transcribing and recording into a final database is in place. In most cases the more steps that the process involves, the greater the risk for error increases. One suggestion to eliminate many of these errors is to scan the results mechanica lly. Although machines are only as smart as the operator, using machines reduced the chance of error because the machine can often scan the input more thoroughly than humans. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, p. 60) Another data input method is telephone surveys. Once again if the proper precautions are not taken to ensure accuracy, room for error exists. One of the best methods to decrease any chances of human error is to use some kind of voice recorder or voice recognition software that automatically records the results into a computer or any other storage device. Human translation errors may still occur with these methods if the particular speech of the person being interviewed is not taken into consideration. Voice recognition methods must be set up for the particular individual being interviewed to help to alleviate these errors. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, p. 59). A third method of data input involves bank checks. Banks have a systematic method put into place to input accurately this important and vital information. This method involves digitally processing and capturing information. Information is encoded onto bank checks and optically read with special equipment. A magnetic ink character recognition device is used for output of this information. These devices are specially made to recognize the information encoded on bank checks by the institution. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, p. 60). Retail tags are also an important place where data input is vital. Retail stores use tags to encode special information on merchandise such as product type and store location. Bar codes are used for this purpose and special scanners must be used to gather this information from the bar codes. Once the information is scanned, the information is sent and stored in some type of storage device for later analysis. A final method of data input involves the use of long documents. Entering data from long documents can prove to be tedious and quite inconvenient. Therefore, the best method for data input of long documents involves scanning the document and using character recognition software to ensure accuracy. To further ensure accuracy, the original documents should be high contrast and little notation should be present. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, pp. 3, 60). While this paper has discussed input methods, output is just as important. Input data would do little good if one could not ensure output. One method of output is color photography. Color photography can be extremely useful in showing important details of the output. Output quality is at its highest when high quality materials are used. The use of a high quality photo printer and photographic paper guarantees the highest level of accuracy. Special photographic editing software is a useful tool to aid in the process of preparing photographs to be transmitted. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, pp. 33, 60, 62). Resumes are another method of output. Resumes are extremely important documents that showcase a person’s job potential in a written format. For this reason, accuracy is a key component in the transmission of these documents. The use of portable document format (PDF) digital document files is essential to transmit these important files. These files are then transmitted to printers that print these documents on special paper for optimal results. Besides being printed on paper, resumes can easily be sent electronically through the use of e-mail. Memorandums are another important source of output. Memos are often prepared using a word processor and printed using a high quality ink jet or a laser jet printer. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, p. 81). Statistical reports are another form of output. For these reports, legible information is critical. For this reason, the report should be transmitted to a high quality printer directly from a statistical software application. Finally, company annual reports are a source of output. These reports should be output using portable document format transmitted to a high quality printer. The printer should then be equipped with high gloss paper to ensure premium output. (Stair Reynolds, 2003, p. 82). Handheld computers have become extremely popular in today’s tech savvy world. Convenience has become the demand for professionals on the go, so the use of handheld computers and personal digital assistants or PDAs has been on the rise. With the use of PDAs, one had access to e-mails and other important resources to get their job done quickly, efficiently, and conveniently. The invention of PDAs has brought a higher level of convenience and output. Storage devices are not created equally. Certain devices are better for specific purposes. One form of storage device is the hard disk. Operating systems, files that are used on regular basis, and software applications are stored on these devices. Floppy disks are also used for storage. These devices are best used when files and applications need to be in a portable format. Floppy disks are best used to store smaller files. Other methods need to be used to ensure the proper storage of larger files. Another type of storage device is RAM. A computer uses RAM to store temporarily things such as applications in use, documents that are currently being prepared, web pages and files essential to the function of the computer. Larger files and applications are stored on CD-ROM. These files can serve as a backup copy to the original file. These files are not often used on a regular basis. Tape is another storage device most suitable for massive amounts of data needing to be duplicated for off -site storage or for use in system restoration. Not only is RAM, hard disks, CD-ROMs and floppy disks means of data storage, but they also help determine the speed of a computer. RAM determines the speed of a computer because of the capacity and speed of the device. The capacity of RAM directly effects how much data can be processed at a single time and the RAM’s speed effects how fast RAM can function with the computer or input-output system. Clock speed is another determining factor for the speed of a computer. Clock speed refers to the speed of the central processing unit or CPU. If a computer has a faster clock speed, the computer will be able to complete more tasks in a given period. Another factor for the speed of a computer is data on hard disks. Data caches and rotation speed affect processing time. Much like data on hard disks, data on CD-ROMs have to be accessed in order to be used. Data on CD-ROM is subject to space restrictions and in most cases take more time to access than data on hard disks. The final means o f data storage and determining factor of computer speed is floppy disks. Floppy disks tend to be slower than any other means of data storage and have a severely lower level of storage capacity than any of the other means. Reference Stair, R. M., Reynolds, G. W. (2003). Fundamentals of Information Technology (2nd ed.). Boston: Course Technology. Research Papers on Information Systems ConceptsIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaStandardized TestingDefinition of Export Quotas

Internal Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Internal Controls - Essay Example Lack of attention to the internal controls creates a business environment ripe for fraud, carelessness, and mismanagement and underutilization of business resources.An individual, staff member or external parties commit fraud. Fraud will occur when the internal controls set aside do not adequately fit the purpose to an extent that the fraudsters believe that suspecting them is impossible (Arwinge, 2013). Therefore, improper internal controls create an environment for a fraud that consequently leads to loss of business resources. The business may eventually become insolvent. Moreover, lack of proper business internal controls leads to bad decisions for the business (Leitch, 2012). Wrong decisions on financial matters of the business may eventually lead to the business becoming insolvent or bankrupt.Lastly, lack of proper internal controls leads to improper and inefficient allocation of resources. As a result, the managers spend a lot of time fixing the problems that could be avoided w ith proper internal controls (Arwinge, 2013). Consequently, a reduction in business output occurs compelling the company to shut its operations.Improper internal controls eventually lead to business closure. The management and staff should take it their responsibility to ensure that the internal controls in place are operational (Sebastian, 2011). The staff should report to the management staff any breach internal controls. The management should first establish a proper vertical communication to ensure that the employees report such incidences.

Dulzura Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dulzura - Essay Example Additionally, the free verse allows the persona to speak in disjointed thoughts because of the confusions and doubts that characterize her lover who is unable even to pronounce her name correctly. This is demonstrated by the last stanza where the persona laments â€Å"Say my name. Say it/The way it’s supposed to be said (Cisneros 1).† Epic form, on the other hand, is notable in each of the three stanzas especially the specific messages they communicate to the reader. In stanza one, the persona is pleading for love in Spanish; stanza two she wants her lover to feel her compassion while stanza three is an affirmation of the love. However, Cisneros is also sensitive to the use of alliteration to establish a rhythmic effect as noted in the last stanza in the use of the words ‘know’ and ‘knew.’ These words are meant to illustrate struggles the persona is undergoing when recalling a past love affair. Notably, the poet equally uses blank verse as a means of defying regulations of writing poetry and, thus, communicating her message of desolation over broken love. Blank verse, for example, is exemplified in the first stanza in the use of small letters in the last lines of that stanza unlike the other lines. Cisneros notes that â€Å"lullabied, mi bien/querido, that loved† to demonstrate the futility of clinging on to a certain love affair now gone. Imagery, however, is a testament of the need for the poet to illustrate his message using flowery and colorful words that portray the pain of the persona. Contrastingly, this is only possible through the use of repetition to generate rhythmic effect as noted in the usage of ‘I want’ to expose the feelings of the persona in the poem (Cisneros 1). Similarly, repetition adds more emphasis because it consistently tells a certain angle of narrative within the poem and, hence, allows the reader to formulate varying mental i mages

The business activities of Wal-Mart and Tfl Essay Example for Free

The business activities of Wal-Mart and Tfl Essay For this assignment, I will be describing how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of Wal-Mart and Tfl. For businesses, this is important because they need to know how these change such as political decisions made by the government or changes to the law or changes that take place in society over time is going to affect their business. Political Factors Political factors is an external environment in which a business functions. This is a type of external constraint for a business and are related to actions of governments. This factors can affect how the business operates. Political factors include politicians, who make important decisions. These can be done at national level at the UK parliament. This is because the UK is a representative democracy, who has a member of parliament that are elected. There are political parties who with the most Members of Parliament run the country. This party is led by the Prime Minister who appoints the Cabinet of Ministers in charge of key areas of the government. Political stability is the durability and integrity of a current government regime. This is determined based on the amount of violence and terrorism expressed in the nation and by citizens associated with the state. A stable society is one that is satisfied with the ruling party and system of operations and is not interested in revolutionary or despotic ideas. For businesses, they hate instability. Businesses operates according to forecasts and scenarios about the future so instability is not what they want. Political stability is important for Wal-Mart because the society is satisfied so that this provides a platform for Wal-Mart to sell their goods. However if the is political instability in the UK, it affects the decision making process and their profits. This is because the confidence in the economy will go down and customers will be less likely to spend. For Tfl, political stability is important because as the organisation budget is paid by the government, if there is instability the money flow will get disrupted. Also when political instability happens there is usually conflict and as Tfl provides a transport service, there could be damage. However in the UK there is a stable political system, so this is the environment for the business to grow  and expand. Another political factors which affect a business is the fiscal policy of t he business. Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nations economy. It is the sister strategy to monetary policy through which a central bank influences a nations money supply. These two policies are used in various combinations to direct a countrys economic goals. Fiscal policy works by increasing or decreasing tax levels and public spending to maintain the health of the economy. Fiscal policy affects Wal-Mart because by changing the amount of disposable income people have to spend. This can affect the consumer demand. This happens by higher taxes. If taxes are higher than customers will have less money to spend and this will affect the profits of Wal-Mart as less people have money to spend. For Tfl, the fiscal policy will affect the business because as Tfl is a publicly funded, if there is a cut in taxes this will lead to less money for the government. To balance the books, the government will have to cut spending. This directly affects Tfl because their budget will be cut. Another political factor which affects a business is the membership of inte rnational trading organisations. For the UK, they are part of the EU or European Union. The European Union, or EU, is known formally as the European Economic and Monetary Union. It establishes a common market among its 28 member countries. This means that all border controls between members have been eliminated, allowing the free flow of goods and people. The EU common market also means that any product legally manufactured in one member state can be sold in any other member, without tariffs or duties. Taxes have been standardized. Practitioners of most services can operate in all member countries. The cost of airfares, the internet and phone calls have fallen dramatically. By being the EU it affects Wal-Mart because as Wal-Mart is an international company it is easier to operate in the EU because the regulations are same and taxes are similar. Also the EU sets regional policies, so if a country in the EU is struggling and need help the EU will help. This affects Wal-Mart because their investment will be safer because the EU will not let the country collapse. For Tfl, being in the EU helps because as Tfl provides a transport service it needs to import the go ods to improve the infrastructure of the London and being in the EU it is easier and with less paperwork to get the goods. Another political factor which  affects a business is the enhancing of the skills of the working population. This means the education of the youngster of the UK, the training of the working population and research. The government can affect this by the spending it does on the education system and apprenticeships. This affects Wal-Mart because as the UK economy recovery there is an increase in the demand of skilled workers. Wal-Mart needs skill workers for the finance, Management and etc. so with the skilled workers the business can expand. For Tfl, it needs skilled worker because as Tfl provides a transport service it needs engineers how there is a shortage as 88% of employers report not being able to find qualified engineers. Also as Tfl is a publicly funded organisation is has a set budget for employees so the business is at a disadvantage because it cannot pay the same as private businesses. So this is why the enhancing of skilled workers is important for businesses. Finally, another political factor which affects businesses is the government support for different types of organisations. For private businesses, the government gives tax credit to businesses for employing more people or expanding their business. This affects Wal-Mart because this provides a goal because if the grow they will get awarded. Also if Wal-Mart expand they will get bigger profits and with the tax credit, it is easier to grow. For publicly owned companies, the government supports them by paying for part of their budget and the public businesses don’t pay taxes. This affects Tfl because the company doesn’t have to worry about taxes cutting into their profits and as the government pay for their budget, there is less worry about paying for everything. So these are five political factors which affect Wal-Mart and Tfl. Legal Factors Legal factors are things and laws that the government or higher authorities pass that would have an effect on how business are run. Businesses must operate within the framework of the law. However if the business fails to follow the law then it can lead to fines and even imprisonment of directors. Therefore, businesses give high priority to make sure they comply with the law. There are three main types of laws business follow: Company law – Tow businesses are set up and run Contract law – The contract that businesses make with employees, consumers,  suppliers and so on Competition law How businesses deal with employees, consumers, suppliers, and so on, and how businesses are allowed to compete with each other. Company law Company law is providing a framework for businesses. Company law is the field of law concerning companies and other business organizations. This includes corporations, partnerships and other associations which usually carry on some form of economic or charitable activity. One example of a company law is the Companies Act 2006. This is an Act which was passed by the Parliament of the UK. The act provides a rule book for the companies in the UK. This act is an improvement on the Companies Act 1985 because it now it is: To enhance shareholder engagement and a long term investment culture; To ensure better regulation and a Think Small First approach; To make it easier to set up and run a company; and To provide flexibility for the future The key parts of the act is: The Act codifies certain existing†¯common law†¯principles, such as those relating to†¯directors duties. It implements the†¯European Unions†¯Takeover†¯and Transparency Obligations†¯Directives. It introduces various new provisions for†¯private†¯and†¯public companies. It applies a single company law regime across the United Kingdom, replacing the two separate (if identical) systems for Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It otherwise amends or restates almost all of the Companies Act 1985 to varying degrees.[2] This affects Wal-Mart because as Wal-Mart has a board of directors, this act states that there must be one person as a director and there cannot be one sole director and the minimum age of the director must be 16 years old. This affects Wal-Mart because it needs to employ more individuals to help run the business and this will affect the profits of the business. For Tfl, this act affects the business because as a part states that accounts must be submitted within 9 months of the year end and this is a change from within 10 months. This affects Tfl because now it needs to spend money reorganising the structure of the business so that it can submit  the account on time. Furthermore, a failure to do some will lead to a fine. Contract law Contract law is the protection of consumers and employees. This is a body of law that governs verbal or written agreements relating to exchanges of goods and services, money, and properties. Businesses form contract with many different individual, groups and bodies outside the business. This include: Lenders Employees Consumers Suppliers of stock Suppliers of equipment Sellers of land and building For contract law there is two main types. These are contracts with consumers, and contract with employees. However I will be doing contracts with employees. The legislation I will discuss is employment law. Employment law is the legal relationship between the worker and employer. A key component of employment law is the creation of a contract. A contract of employment should include details such as names of employer and employee, job title and job description, date employment starts, the place of work, the address of the employer, amount of pay and how it will be paid, hours of work, holiday pay entitlement and notice period required. The contract is legally binding and if the employer or employee breaks the law they can get sued. This affects Wal-Mart because a part of employment law is the minimum wage, which is currently at  £6.50 per hour for workers aged 21+. This is the lowest Wal-Mart can go in payment, this affect the choice of Wal-Mart because they cannot decide how much they want to pay but it is forced upon them. For Tfl, the employment law affect them because of parts such as the EU directive call the Working Time Directive. This set out that there should be a minimum rest period of 11 consecutive hours in every 24-hours period. So Tfl have to give their employees this, even if they are falling behind in work, they have to employ a new set of worker to catch up. Competition law Competition law is a set of rules that promotes or seeks to maintain market  competition by restricting anti-competitive practices by businesses. Also these are laws governing how businesses can compete with each other. For example law against restricting business practices to reduce competition such as two or one businesses agreeing to a set price. Also laws against monopolies and mergers to stop businesses from dominating a particular market. This affects Wal-Mart because this company is one of the largest in the world, so they can investigated by the UK’s Competition Commission because they don’t want Wal-Mart to be dominate. This affects Wal-Mart because it restrict them to the amount they could grow. For Tfl, the competition law affects them because as Tfl is in the tertiary sector of the economy, it offers contracts to supply them. This law states that Tfl must review all the bids to make it fair. This adds to the time and costs because it will take a longer period of time to process the bids and accept one. Social factors Social factors relate to changes in the behaviour, taste and lifestyle of communities on the local, national and international scale. Over time many changes take place in society which are relevant for business organisations, such as in: Demographic issues Households and families Education Attitudes to work Changes in structure of the society One social factor is the demographic issues. For the UK, they are experiencing population growth. Currently, the UK population is 64.1 million and it grow by 400,000 last year. This is 0.63% increase from the previous year. For businesses this can be a good thing because there will be an increase in demand. Also population growth also means economic growth. For Tfl, population grow has pros and cons. this is because with population grow will mean there is an increase on the amount of people who use the services. So Tfl will have to spend more money to reduce the strain on the service. This affects the profits of the business. However because of the increase in the population there is going to be an increase in revenue because it costs money to use the service. For Wal-Mart, population growth  is a good thing because more individuals will use their products. This will increase their profits. Another social factor is the changes in structure in the society. Social structure is the di stinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together. Social structure is often treated together with the concept of social change, which deals with the forces that change the social structure and the organization of society. For businesses, one way the social structure changes is the ageing of the society. Currently, the UK population is ageing. For Tfl, this affects them because as the population ages, there will be less engineers and such to run the services or build it. For Wal-Mart this affects them because there will be less workers to run the business so Wal-Mart will have to spend more on employees to get the best. Another social factor is education. The average level of education in a society affects the interests and sophistication of consumers. For example, in a community in which a high percentage of potential customers have some form of post-secondary education, small-business owners might use more details and explanations while advertising and promoting products. For Tfl, this affect them because most of Tfls jobs are high skilled, so an educated society is important and required to expand. However they can get around it by getting employees around the world. For Wal-Mart it is not as important because they need less educated employees because most of their employees are cashiers and shop assistants. However they need mangers. The UK does have an educated society so the business need not worried. Another social factor for businesses is attitudes to work. This is the way society thinks, feels or behaves to work. For businesses, this is important because businesses need employees who are motivated so that they care about. For the UK, the attitude of work is good because this society is a individualistic. This means individuals care about themselves and how they are going to a success. For Tfl, this is important because they want employees to work hard but also care about the people who is going to use the service. This is going to improve the customer experience because if they don’t care than the service will not be the best it could be. For Wal-Mart, the attitudes of work is important because the more they care the better the busin ess is. This will affect the profits of the business because customers will like the business because employee will show passion.   Another social factor of the business is the attitudes to male and female roles in business. Gender roles are societys concepts of how men and women are expected to act, and are shaped by cultural norms. For the UK, male role and females are one of the most equal in the world. However in some jobs males get more money than females for doing the same job. This affects Tfl because if there is inequality than female will not become engineers and such, which leads to less engineers and Tfl will need to pay more for engineers. So this affects their profits. For Wal-Mart, the gender role affects them because there will be less workers because females will be discouraged to work. Also if females work this will boost the economy and more people will spend on their business.

The Images and Imagery of Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essay

The Imagery of Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who can contest the statement that William Shakespeare in the tragedy Macbeth very skillfully uses imagery to strengthen the theme and other aspects of the play? In this paper we explore the imagery in all its dimensions.    L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" explains the supporting role which imagery plays in Macbeth's descent into darkness:    To listen to the witches, it is suggested, is like eating "the insane root, That takes the reason prisoner" (I.iii.84-5); for Macbeth, in the moment of temptation, "function," or intellectual activity, is "smother'd in surmise"; and everywhere the imagery of darkness suggests not only the absence or withdrawal of light but - "light thickens" - the presence of something positively oppressive and impeding.   (101)    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows how the playwright uses imagery to reinforce the theme:    This theme is at its clearest where we are most in sympathy with the nemesis. Thus at the end of Macbeth, after the proclamation "the time is free," and of promises to make reparations of Macbeth's tyranny "Which would be planted newly with the time," there will be a renewal not only of time but of the whole rhythm of nature symbolized by the word "measure," which includes both the music of the spheres and the dispensing of human justice [. . .]. (94-95)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson interprets the imagery of Macbeth:    Macbeth is a play in which the poetic atmosphere is very important; so important, indeed, that some recent commentators give the impression that this atmosphere, as created by the imagery of the play, is its determini... ...: Barnes and Noble, 1970.    Frye, Northrop. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1967.    Kermode, Frank. "Macbeth." The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Warren, Roger. Shakespeare Survey 30.   N.p.: n.p., 1977. Pp. 177-78. Rpt. in Shakespeare in the Theatre: An Anthology of Criticism. Stanley Wells, ed. England: Oxford University Press, 2000.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Aldi Case Essay

Individual Action points included in the presentation8 Appendix8 Executive Report Group 9 was assigned with the Aldi case study for the Marketing Management assessment. I was assigned with the role of Group Leader by the members and also trusted with the work for the PowerPoint presentation slides as I stated that I have the proper knowledge. The role of the leader was taken seriously and I starting setting the meeting conditions and proposed and delegated the individual research subjects related to our group case study. The individual research I undertook for the Aldi case study was the defining the Lean concept and detail research of the Continuous Improvement concept. As a group leader I took the decision that all the individual pieces of research to be presented inside the group for all to acknowledge the management concepts used into making the company run lean processes and getting customer satisfaction. Personally I designed the slides and the structure, which was later slightly modified by John Vincent’s proposal. Together we practiced and we have presented remarkably at the final presentation. Within the presentation I exposed a summary of the theoretical concepts of Lean Production, Continuous Improvement, Time Based Management, JIT production and Total Quality Management and was followed by Medet Coban who presented the Economies of Scale Concept while in the closing part John Vincent presented the benefits of Lean Thinking concluded with a Market research regarding Aldi’s competitive advantage. Key areas of personal research and sources of information As part of the Group 9 which had as case study the food retailing company ALDI, the following areas of research have been identified: * Lean thinking philosophy * Lean production * Continuous Improvement * Just In Time Management * Total Quality Management * Economies of Scale. The research of these concepts was distributed among the group members for a more in depth research and understanding. The key areas of research that I undertook for the group activity were 1. Defining and understanding the concepts of Lean Thinking Philosophy and Lean Production 2. Continuous Improvement. Used as sources of information for the foundation of my research were the LSC Library where I am registered as a student and the internet research. Also the group used the information of the case study. The proportion of the Library research weighted aprox. 80% of the total personal research, while the case study information weighted 10% and the internet sources also about 10%. The book references will be found in the appendix at the end of this report. Key theoretical positions summary In the group presentation there were analyzed and presented the following theoretical issues: The Mission and the Objectives The Mission is established by the top management of a company. It represents the long term achievements that are wanted to be reached and the basic principles to be followed to get as close as possible to the proposed mission. These principles must be followed by all employees as they represent the company’s values and in time the will develop into the company’s culture. The Objectives or targets are meant to set the results of the activity that the company needs to achieve in order to accomplish the mission set at the beginning. They can be quantitative or qualitative but always they have to be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time defined) In our presentation it was specified that the Aldi’s mission was established using the ideology Lean Thinking and that Aldi uses the same philosophy’s principles in order to achieve its business objective for growth and continuous improvement. Lean Thinking is the concept where efficiency is developed by the improvement of the quality while reducing the costs, time, space and effort. The concept is used most of the time interchangeable with the JIT concept. Lean Production is the process of organizing each process of an organization with the purpose of increasing the efficiency and minimizing the waste. Next there were presented the others concepts used as tools into achieving the lean processes as they were also presented in the case study: Continuous Improvement – relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. A learning organization is also able to generalize the knowledge gained in the improvement process by its employees and then replicate it among them. Time Based Management – it’s a general approach meant to reduce the level of unproductive time of the business’ processes. It usually requires multi-trained staff and/or advanced technology but it leads to advantages like faster market adaptability and a faster new product development. Just in Time Production – the management system where a company provides its products/services only as demanded on the market. The benefits of JIT are the reduced cost of stock management (only the necessary stock needed to cover for potentially delay of the suppliers or the production itself), fast adaptability for the demands on the market and waste reduction. Total Quality Management – a general management concept that concludes that all the factors and the resources of the company should be used towards achieving long term success through customer satisfaction. Its philosophy is getting things done right the first time. Economies of Scale – is an effect of running the organization efficiently and applying also the previous concepts. It presumes that a company will increase their incomes with a larger production/activity while maintaining approximately the same level of costs by using its resources efficiently. Individual Key Conclusions First we learned about Lean Thinking concept and how important it is in today’s world to be efficient. Studying ALDI case study we analyzed and discovered that having a competitive advantage on the market is both beneficial for the company and the customers in the same time. ALDI’s competitive advantage was to offer the customers the high quality products at lower prices by using the efficiency concepts that allowed them to run their processes with the minimum waste and costs. The lean thinking was adopted by the top management and included in the mission statement and the business objectives as the strategy to deliver the business benefits to the stockholders and the customers. The efficiency concepts used are interchangeable and complementary and they all lead towards achieving economies of scale profitability. Continuous improvement – everybody in the organization is to accept the responsibility of their tasks and contribute to the efficiency of the organization by improving the process and the standards of the activity. Time Based Management – is the most efficient when the company relies on multi skilled trained staff and can be considered as one of the main results of the continuous improvement. Just In Time concept orientates the company’s activity towards the market requirements and allows it adapt its production volume, standards and diversity to the requirements of the customers. Total Quality Management is a global management concept that guides the entire organization’s activity towards achieving customer satisfaction and every process must be efficiently improved to meet the quality, price and customer service demanded by the consumer. Economies of scale are the primary result of the efficiency concepts that have been applied in an integrated manner towards improving the business processes and to deliver the customer satisfaction. This will achieve the long term durability and development of the company as the mission and the objectives are oriented. The practical issues that arose prior to the presentation were: * The difficulty into arranging a meeting were all the members be present and therefore making some of the group decisions just based on the judgement of the named leader. * The structure of the presentation was changed just on the last meeting as an intervention of one of the members. The risk of losing time into the preparation and repetition was bigger than the risk of the last minute change and therefore we adopted the idea. After having the Power point slides done there have been modifications into the presentation which there were not changed into the printed handout due to the lack of time. Key Critical Observations and Commentary The first impression regarding the case study was that I would have had rather as the group assessment the marketing research and the development of a new marketing strategy. The start of the work on this piece was delayed due to the uncertainty of what exactly we are supposed to do. However, working on this case study gave me the opportunity to remark that Marketing is an integrated component of the entire organizational structure even though the concepts were mostly about operational management. Discovering the management concepts like Continuous Improvement, Just In Time Management, Time Based Management or Total Quality Management made the group realize that the Marketing Strategy is more efficient when the company has its production and services oriented towards getting customer satisfaction. The individual assignment directions I found to be a little bit confusing. Key topics of personal learning They key topic that I personally learned as a result of undertaking the group assignment was the Continuous Improvement concept. I have learned that Continuous Improvement is one of the two improvement methods, the second one being Discontinuous Change or Business Process Innovation. While the second method has a rather radical approach and it’s mostly used as a final resort to adapt to the environment requirements, Continuous improvement relies on gradually improving the organization’s processes for a cumulative increased rate of performance improvement. The 3 steps in assuring CI are: 1. creating the appropriate environment – the Company must create an ambience where all employees adopt the organization’s values and then set up standard procedures for the improvement process. The most common procedure is Deming’s and Shewhart’s Plan Do Control Act cycle. 2. Involving everyone in the Organization – Company is responsible for the employees’ participation. They must train the staff in Statistical Programming Control and work teams to encourage employee participation as well as setting the objectives like Quality Costs Delivery Safety Moral. . Using the proper Problem Solving Skills – Company must make sure that all teams have the appropriate Problem Solving Skills for the process improvement they’re responsible for. Continuous Improvement also relates to the concept of Learning Organization which means that learning of individuals must be generalized and replicated inside the comp any to achieve the best optimum improvement performance. Executive Summary of The Group activity I consider that the team we created and the group assignment was successful due to the following factors: * The final presentation went well, as planned and everybody was happy of the result; * Each student had the opportunity to do a piece of research and then presenting it to the other members of the group which helped learn individually and also teach each other in an interactive manner; * Group relations were well linked and there were no complaints to each other inside the group. The presentation of the individual research increased everyone’s confidence of taken a real presentation on their own for different subjects and in different situations. Individual Action points included in the presentation The personal contribution towards the group presentation consists of: 1. I was firstly elected as the leader of the group. My role was taken seriously and I tried to set the best times for meetings and also tried to get everyone involved in the decisions and brainstorming proc ess 2. I suggested leads to be followed for the presentation. I divided the research subjects and made everyone responsible for their own piece of work. The summary of each subject of research was presented individually inside the group. 3. PowerPoint slides’ design and structure were set personally and each member has its contribution with the content of their research for one slide of presentation. 4. Created the speech for the piece of presentation I was involved and took an active role into the practice of the presentation by directing and suggesting improvements.

Professional Journalism Essay - 906 Words

In the article, ‘The Professionalization of Journalism’ John C. Merrill addresses the issue of whether or not journalism should become a professionalized occupation. Merrill notes that although journalism is not presently considered to be a profession, many journalists perceive themselves as being professionals. The Oxford Shorter Dictionary defines ‘profession’ as â€Å"Occupation which one professes to be skilled in and to follow. . . .A vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others, or in the practice of an art based upon it.† Merrill outlines several advantages those within a professionalized occupation benefit from including an elite image, a level of regulation and†¦show more content†¦Also taken into account are several characteristics of professions from the book ‘The Professions in America’. The book includes objective thinking, trustworthiness, h igh levels of expertise, requested protection, solidarity among members and entrance standards as the primary characteristics required by an occupation to be deemed a profession. Merrill considers also several characteristics of professions outlined by Bernard Barber in ‘The Professions in America’. Barber argues there are four attributes an occupation must present to be named a profession which include; high level of systematic and generalized knowledge, orientation to the community rather than to the individual, group-controlled behavior and a system of rewards. Barber argues all four attributes must be present among members in order for a group to become professionalized. 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